Nonvolatile programmable logic circuit

ABSTRACT

A nonvolatile programmable logic circuit using a ferroelectric memory performs a nonvolatile memory function and an operation function without additional memory devices, thereby reducing power consumption. Also, a nonvolatile ferroelectric memory is applied to a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), thereby preventing leakage of internal data and reducing the area of a chip.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 10/737,758, filed on Dec. 18, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,428,160which claims priority to Korean patent application number10-2003-0020767, filed on Apr. 2, 2003 and Korean patent applicationnumber 10-1999-0049972 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,363,004), granted filingdate Mar. 26, 2002, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to a program register using anonvolatile memory device and a programmable logic circuit using thesame, and more specifically, to a technology for storing data orperforming an operation on the data without additional memory devices,thereby reducing the area of the circuit.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Generally, a ferroelectric random access memory (hereinafter, referredto as ‘FRAM’) has attracted considerable attention as next generationmemory device because it has a data processing speed as fast as aDynamic Random Access Memory DRAM and conserves data even after thepower is turned off.

The FRAM having structures similar to the DRAM includes the capacitorsmade of a ferroelectric substance, so that it utilizes thecharacteristic of a high residual polarization of the ferroelectricsubstance in which data is not deleted even after an electric field iseliminated.

The technical contents on the above FRAM are disclosed in the KoreanPatent Application No. 1999-49972 by the same inventor of the presentinvention. Therefore, the basic structure and the operation on the FRAMare not described herein.

A conventional programmable logic operation circuit for changing logiclevels of input signals stores address information in storage means.However, since a SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) is used as theconventional programmable logic operation circuit, various informationstored in latches is leaked in a power-off mode. Even when power issupplied to the system again, various data for operations of circuitsare required to be reset.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide anonvolatile programmable logic circuit using a ferroelectric memorywhich disconnects power supply during a stand-by mode of the system toreduce power consumption.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a nonvolatileprogrammable logic circuit using a ferroelectric memory for storing dataand performing an operation on the data without additional memorydevices.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide anonvolatile programmable logic circuit using a ferroelectric memoryapplied to a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to reduce the area ofa chip.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aplurality of CAMS (Content Addressable Memory), a first nonvolatileferroelectric register and a switch means. The plurality of CAMS,connected in parallel to a match line, change a voltage level of a matchline. The first nonvolatile ferroelectric register generates a firstlogic control signal depending on a programmed code in the nonvolatileferroelectric capacitor. The switch means precharges the match line to apredetermined level in response to the first logic control signal.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aninversion means, a nonvolatile ferroelectric register and an outputcontrol means. The inversion means selectively outputs one of a powervoltage and a ground voltage in response to an input signal. Thenonvolatile ferroelectric register generates a pair of logic controlsignals having an opposite phase from each other depending on aprogrammed code in a nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor. The outputcontrol means outputs a signal outputted from the inversion means orfloats an output terminal in response to the pair of logic controlsignals.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises anonvolatile ferroelectric register, a logic combination means and aninversion means. The nonvolatile ferroelectric register generates a pairof logic control signals of opposite phases depending on a programmedcode in a nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor. The logic combinationmeans logically combines the pair of logic control signals and the inputsignal. The inversion means outputs one of a power voltage and a groundvoltage or floats an output terminal in response to an output signalfrom the logic combination means.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises anonvolatile ferroelectric register and an inversion means. Thenonvolatile ferroelectric register stores an input signal in anonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor. The inversion means outputs one ofa power voltage and a ground voltage or floats an output terminal inresponse to an output signal from the nonvolatile ferroelectricregister.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises anonvolatile ferroelectric register and a switch means. The nonvolatileferroelectric register generates a logic control signal depending on aprogrammed code in a nonvolatile ferroelectric register. The switchmeans selectively connects an output terminal to a source in response tothe logic control signal.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises alook-up table, a second nonvolatile ferroelectric register and a firsttransmission means. The look-up table selectively outputs first logiccontrol signals outputted from a plurality of first nonvolatileferroelectric registers in response to a logic input signal. The secondnonvolatile ferroelectric register outputs a second logic control signaldepending on a programmed code in a nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor.The first transmission means selectively transmits an output signal fromthe look-up table in response to the second logic control signal.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises alatch means, a first nonvolatile ferroelectric register and a secondnonvolatile ferroelectric register. The latch means selectively latchesinput data in response to a clock signal. The first nonvolatileferroelectric register generates a first logic control signal toselectively transmit the clock signal depending on a programmed code ina nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor. The second nonvolatileferroelectric register generates a second logic control signal to resetthe latch means depending on a programmed code in a nonvolatileferroelectric capacitor.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aflip-flop, a first nonvolatile ferroelectric register and a secondnonvolatile ferroelectric register. The flip-flop selectively storesinput data in response to a clock signal. The first nonvolatileferroelectric register generates a first logic control signal toselectively transmit the clock signal depending on a programmed code ina nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor. The second nonvolatileferroelectric register generates a second logic control signal to resetthe flip-flop depending on a programmed code in a nonvolatileferroelectric capacitor.

In an embodiment, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aprogram command processing block, a program register control block and aprogram register array block. The program command processing blocksequentially outputs a plurality of command signals to code programcommands in response to a write enable signal, a chip enable signal, anoutput enable signal and a reset signal. The program register controlblock outputs a write control signal and a cell plate signal using theplurality of command signals and a power-up detecting signal. Theprogram register array block, including a plurality of nonvolatileferroelectric registers each comprising a nonvolatile ferroelectriccapacitor, programs the nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor in responseto the write control signal and the cell plate signal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a FeRAM register applied to apull-up operation of a match line connected to a plurality of CAMSaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a CAM having an NMOS transistorstructure using a FeRAM register of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a FeRAM register applied to apull-down operation of a match line connected to a plurality of CAMSaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a CAM having a FMOS transistorstructure using a FeRAM register of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a nonvolatile programmable logiccircuit comprising a tri-state buffer using a FeRAM register.

FIGS. 6 to 9 are circuit diagrams illustrating an example of thetri-state buffer of FIG. 5.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a transmission switch fortransmitting data between bus lines using a FeRAM register.

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating another example of thetransmission switch of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for selectively pulling up bus lines using a FeRAMregister.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for selectively pulling down bus lines using a FeRAMregister.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for controlling logic levels of a look-up table using aFeRAM register.

FIGS. 15 a to 15 c are circuit diagrams illustrating the nonvolatileprogrammable logic circuit of FIG. 14.

FIGS. 16 to 18 are circuit diagrams illustrating the nonvolatileprogrammable logic circuit for controlling logic levels of a D-latchusing a FeRAM register.

FIGS. 19 to 21 are circuit diagrams illustrating the nonvolatileprogrammable logic circuit for controlling logic levels of a flip-flopusing a FeRAM register.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a logic circuit to program aFeRAM register according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram illustrating a program command processor ofFIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram illustrating a flip-flop of FIG. 23.

FIG. 25 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the programcommand processor of FIG. 22.

FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram illustrating the program registercontroller of FIG. 22.

FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram illustrating a program register array ofFIG. 22.

FIG. 28 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the FeRAMregister array of FIG. 27 in a power-up mode.

FIG. 29 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the FeRAMregister array of FIG. 27.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

A nonvolatile ferroelectric programmable logic circuit according to anembodiment of the present invention can be applied to various logiccircuits such as a CAM (Content Addressable Memory), a CAM array, abuffer, a buffer array, an inversion means, a switch, a transmissionswitch, a pull-up/pull-down switch, a look-up table, a latch and aflip-flop.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a FeRAM register 1 applied to apull-up operation of a match line connected to a plurality of CAMsaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

In an embodiment, the nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aFeRAM register 1, a pull-up switch 2 and a plurality of CAMs 3.

The plurality of CAMs 3 each connected to match lines ML constitute anarray.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs a control signal RE to selectively controla switching operation of the pull-up switch 2.

The pull-up switch 2 comprises a PMOS transistor P1. The PMOS transistorP1, connected between a power voltage and a match line ML, has a gate toreceive the control signal RE. The PMOS transistor P1 selectivelyprecharges the match line ML in response to the control signal RE.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 1 is described.

In an initial mode, the match line ML is precharged to a power voltageby the pull-up switch 2. Then, when an output signal from one of theplurality of CAMS 3 becomes at a low level, a voltage level of the matchline ML transits from a high to low level.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a CAM having an NMOS transistorstructure using a FeRAM register according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

In an embodiment, the CAM comprises a FeRAM register 1 and a pair ofswitching units 4 and 5.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs control signals RE and REB for disablingthe voltage level of the match line ML from a high to low level.

The first switching unit 4 comprises NMOS transistors N1 and N2connected serially between the match line ML and the ground voltage. TheNMOS transistor N1 has a gate to receives a line control signal SBapplied from a search bus. The NMOS transistor N2 has a gate to receivethe control signal RE applied from the FeRAM register 1.

The second switching unit 5 comprises NMOS transistors N3 and N4. TheNMOS transistor N3 has a gate to receive a line control signal /SBapplied from the search bus. The NMOS transistor N4 has a gate toreceive the logic control signal REB applied from the FeRAM register 1.

If the line control signal SB and the logic control signal RE are at ahigh level or the line control signal /SB and the logic control signalREB are at a high level, the voltage level of the match line ML transitsto the ground voltage.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 2 is described.

If the line control signal /SB and the logic control signal REB areenabled to a high level simultaneously, the NMOS transistors N3 and N4are all turned on to connect the match line ML to the ground voltage. Ifthe line control signal SB and the logic control signal RE are enabledto a high level simultaneously, the NMOS transistors N1 and N2 are allturned on to connected to the match line ML to the ground voltage. As aresult, the voltage level of the match line ML transits from a high tolow level.

However, when the line control signal /SB has an opposite phase to thelogic control signal REB, the match line ML is maintained at a highlevel. When the line control signal SB has an opposite phase to thelogic control signal RE, the match line ML is maintained at a high levellike in a precharge mode.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a FeRAM register 1 applied to apull-down operation of a match line connected to a plurality of CAMSaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

In an embodiment, the nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aFeRAM register 1, a pull-down switch 6 and a plurality of CAMs 7.

The plurality of CAMs 7 each connected to match lines ML constitute anarray.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs a control signal RE to selectively controla switching operation of the pull-down switch 6.

The pull-down switch 6 comprises an NMOS transistor N5. The NMOStransistor N5, connected to the match line ML and a ground voltage, hasa gate to receive the control signal RE. The NMOS transistor N5selectively pulls down the match line ML in response to the controlsignal RE.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 3 is described.

In an initial state, the match line ML is pulled down to the groundvoltage by the pull-down switch 6. When an output signal from one of theplurality of CAMs 7 is at a high level, a voltage level of the matchline ML transits from a low to high level.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a CAM having a PMOS transistorstructure using a FeRAM register according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

In an embodiment, the nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aFeRAM register 1 and a pair of switching units 8 and 9.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs control signals RE and REB for enabling avoltage level of the match line ML from a low to a high level.

The first switching unit 8 comprises PMOS transistor P2 and P3 connectedin series between a power voltage terminal and the match line ML. ThePMOS transistor P2 has a gate to receive the logic control signal REapplied from the FeRAM register 1. The PMOS transistor P3 has a gate toreceive a line control signal SB applied from a search bus.

The second switching unit 9 comprises PMOS transistors P4 and PSconnected serially between the power voltage terminal and the match lineML. The PMOS transistor P4 has a gate to receive the logic controlsignal REB applied from the FeRAM register 1. The PMOS transistor P5 hasa gate to receive a line control signal /SB applied from the search bus.

As a result, when the line control signal SB and the logic controlsignal RE are at a low level or the line control signal /SB and thelogic control signal REB are at a low level, the voltage level of thematch line ML transits to a power voltage.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 4 is described.

If the line control signal /SB and the logic control signal REB aredisabled to a low level simultaneously, the PMOS transistors P4 and P5are all turned on to connect the match line to the power voltage. Whenthe line control signal SB and the logic control signal RE are disabledto a low level simultaneously, the PMOS transistor P2 and P3 are allturned on to connect the match line ML to the power voltage. As aresult, the voltage level of the match line ML transits from a low tohigh level.

When the line control signal /SB has an opposite phase to the logiccontrol signal REB, the match line ML is maintained at a low level. Whenthe line control signal SB has an opposite phase to the logic controlsignal RE, the match line ML is maintained at a low level in theprecharge mode.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a nonvolatile programmable logiccircuit comprising a tri-state buffer 10 using a FeRAM register 1.

In an embodiment, the nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprises aplurality of tri-state buffers 10 and a logic operation unit 11.

The plurality of tri-state buffers 10 are connected to a first outputline L1 and a second output line L2, respectively.

An output signal Yi selected out of output signals Y0˜Yn from theplurality of tri-buffers 10 connected to the first output line L1 isoutputted into the first output line L1. An output signal Yi selectedout of output signals Y0˜Yn from the plurality of tri-buffers 10connected to the second output line L2 is outputted into the secondoutput line L2.

The logic operation unit 11 comprises an AND gate AND1 for performing anAND operation on the output signals Yi applied from the first outputline L1 and the second output line L2.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the tri-statebuffer of FIG. 5.

The tri-state buffer 10 comprises an inverter unit 12 and an outputcontroller 13.

The inverter unit 12 comprises a PMOS transistor P6 and an NMOStransistor N6. The PMOS transistor P6, connected between the powervoltage and the output controller 13, has a gate to receive an inputsignal X. The NMOS transistor N6, connected between the outputcontroller 13 and the ground voltage, has a gate to receive the inputsignal X.

The output controller 13 comprises the FeRAM register 1 and an outputdriving unit comprising a PMOS transistor P7 and an NMOS transistor N7.The FeRAM register 1 outputs the control signal RE and REB having anopposite state from each other to control inversion of the buffer. ThePMOS transistor P7 and the NMOS transistor N7 are connected in seriesbetween the PMOS transistor P6 and the NMOS transistor N6. The PMOStransistor P7 has a gate to the logic control signal REB, and the NMOStransistor N7 has a gate to the logic control signal RE. An outputsignal Y is outputted from a common terminal of the PMOS transistor 27and the NMOS transistor N6.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 6 is described.

When the control signal RE is at a high level and the logic controlsignal REB is at a low level, the NMOS transistor N7 and the PMOStransistor P7 are all turned on. As a result, an input signal X isinverted to have an opposite phase to an output signal Y.

On the other hand, when the control signal RE is at a low level and thelogic control signal REB is at a high level, the NMOS transistor N7 andthe PMOS transistor P7 are all turned off. As a result, a voltage levelof the output signal Y is at a floating state regardless of that of theinput signal X.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of another example of the tri-state buffer10 of FIG. 5.

The tri-state buffer 10 comprises an inverter unit 14 and an outputcontroller 15.

The inverter unit 14 comprises a PMOS transistor P8 and an NMOStransistor N8. The PMOS transistor P8, connected between a power voltageand the output controller 15, has a gate to receive the input signal X.The NMOS transistor N8, connected between the output controller 15 andthe ground voltage, has a gate to receive the input signal X.

The output controller 15 comprises the FeRAM register 1, an inverter IV1and a logic operation unit 16. The FeRAM register 1 outputs the controlsignals RE and REB having an opposite phase from each other. Theinverter IV1 inverts a clock signal CLK.

The logic operation unit 16 comprises an NAND gate ND1 and an NOR gateNOR1. The NAND gate ND1 performs an NAND operation on the logic controlsignal REB and the clock signal CLK. The NOR gate NOR1 performs an NORoperation on the logic control signal RE and an output signal from theinverter IV1.

The PMOS transistor P9 and the NMOS transistor N9 are connected inseries between the PMOS transistor P8 and the NMOS transistor N8. ThePMOS transistor P9 has a gate to receive an output signal from the NANDgate ND1. The NMOS transistor N9 has a gate to receive an output signalfrom the NOR gate NOR1. The output signal Y is outputted from a commonterminal of the PMOS transistor P9 and the NMOS transistor N9.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 7 is described.

When the logic control signal RE is at a low level, the logic controlsignal REB at a high level and the clock signal CLK at a low level, theNMOS transistor N9 and the PMOS transistor P9 are all turned off. As aresult, the voltage level of the output signal Y is at a floating state.

When the logic control signal RE is at the low level, the logic controlsignal REB at the high level and the clock signal CLK at a high level,the NMOS transistor N9 and the PMOS transistor P9 are all turned on. Asa result, the input signal X is inverted to have an opposite phase tothat of the output signal Y.

The voltage level of the output signal Y can be periodically controlledby inverting or floating the voltage level of the input signal X inresponse to the clock signal CLK.

If the logic control signal RE is at a high level and the logic controlsignal REB is at a low level, the NMOS transistor N9 and the PMOStransistor P9 are all turned off regardless of the clock signal CLK. Asa result, the voltage level of the output signal Y becomes floated.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of still another diagram of the tri-statebuffer 10 of FIG. 5.

The tri-state buffer 10 comprises an input controller 17 and an outputdriving unit 18.

The input controller 17 comprises the FeRAM register 1 and a logicoperation unit 19. The FeRAM register 1 outputs the logic controlsignals RE and REB having an opposite phase from each other forinversion of an inverter. The logic operation unit 19 comprises an ANDgate AND2 and an OR gate OR1. The AND gate AND2 performs an ANDoperation on the logic control signal REB and the input signal X. The ORgate OR1 performs an OR operation on the logic control signal RE and theinput signal X.

The output driving unit 18 comprises a PMOS transistor 10 and an NMOStransistor 10. The PMOS transistor P10 and the NMOS transistor N10 areconnected serially between the power voltage and the ground voltage. ThePMOS transistor P10 has a gate to receive an output signal from the ANDgate AND2. The NMOS transistor N10 has a gate to receive an outputsignal from the OR gate OR1.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 8 is described.

When the logic control signal RE is at the high level and the logiccontrol signal REB is at the low level, the voltage level of the outputsignal Y is floated regardless of that of the input signal X.

If the logic control signal RE is at the low level, the logic controlsignal REB at the low level and the input signal X at a high level, theNMOS transistor N10 is turned on. As a result, the input signal X isinverted, and the output signal Y transits to a low level.

On the other hand, when the logic control signal RE is at the low level,the logic control signal REB at the high level and the input signal X ata low level, the PMOS transistor P10 is turned on. As a result, theinput signal X is inverted, and the output signal Y transits to a highlevel.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of still another example of the tri-statebuffer 10 of FIG. 5 for controlling logic of the inverter unit andstoring values of input signals at the same time.

The tri-state buffer 10 of FIG. 9 comprises an input controller 20 andan output driving unit 21.

The input controller 20 comprises inverters IV2 and IV3, the FeRAMregister 1 and a logic operation unit 22. The inverter IV2 inverts theclock signal CLK, and the inverter IV 3 inverts the input signal X. TheFeRAM register 1 outputs the logic control signal RE for controlling thelogic level of the output driving unit 21.

The logic operation unit 22 comprises an AND gate AND3 and an OR gateOR2. The AND gate AND3 performs an AND operation on the clock signal CLKand the logic control signal RE. The OR gate OR2 performs an ORoperation on an output signal from the inverter IV2 and the logiccontrol signal RE.

The output driving unit 21 comprises a PMOS transistor P11 and an NMOStransistor N11. The PMOS transistor P11 and the NMOS transistor N11 areconnected in series between the power voltage and the ground voltage.The PMOS transistor P11 has a gate to receive an output signal from theAND gate AND3. The NMOS transistor N11 has a gate to receive an outputsignal from the OR gate OR2.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 9 is described.

When the clock signal CLK is at the high level and the logic controlsignal RE is at the high level, the NMOS transistor N11 is turned on. Asa result, the input signal X is inverted, and the output signal Ytransits to a low level.

If the clock signal CLK is at the low level, the PMOS transistor P11 andthe NMOS transistor N11 are turned on regardless of the logic controlsignal RE. As a result, the voltage level of the output signal Y isfloated.

On the other hand, if the clock signal CLK is at the high level and thelogic control signal RE is at the low level, the PMOS transistor P11 isturned on. As a result, the input signal X is inverted, and the outputsignal Y transits to a high level.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a transmission switch 23 fortransmitting data between bus lines using a FeRAM register.

In an embodiment, a plurality of transmission switches 23 are connectedbetween a plurality of row bus lines R0˜Rn and a plurality of column buslines C0˜Cn crossed from each other.

Each transmission switch 23 comprises the FeRAM register 1 and an NMOStransistor N12. The FeRAM register 1 outputs the control signal RE forcontrolling the switching operation. The NMOS transistor N12, connectedbetween the row bus line R and the column bus line C, has a gate toreceive the logic control signal RE.

When the control signal RE is at the high level, the NMOS transistor N12is turned on to connect the row bus line R to the column bus line C.However, when the logic control signal RE is at the low level, the NMOStransistor N12 is turned off to disconnect the row bus line R to thecolumn bus line C.

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating another example of thetransmission switch 23 of FIG. 10.

The transmission switch 23 of FIG. 11 comprises a switch controller 24and the NMOS transistor N12.

The switch controller 24 comprises the FeRAM register 1 and a logicoperation unit 25. The FeRAM register 1 outputs the control signal REfor controlling the switching operation. The logic operation unit 25comprises an AND gate AND4 for performing an AND operation on thecontrol signal RE and the clock signal CLK.

Hereinafter, the operation of FIG. 11 is described.

If the clock signal CLK and the logic control signal RE are at the highlevel, the NMOS transistor N12 is turned on to connect the row bus lineR to the column bus line C.

However, when the clock signal CLK is at the low level and the logiccontrol signal RE is at the high level, the NMOS transistor N12 isturned off to disconnect the row bus line R to the column bus line C.

If the control signal RE is at the low level, the NMOS transistor isturned off regardless of the clock signal CLK.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for selectively pulling up bus lines using a FeRAMregister 1.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 12 comprises aplurality of FeRAM registers 1 and a plurality of pull-up switches 26.Each FeRAM register 1 outputs the control signal RE for controlling eachpull-up switch 26. The plurality of pull-up switches 26 are connectedbetween the power voltage and a plurality of bus lines B0˜Bn. Eachpull-up switch 26 comprises a PMOS transistor P12 having a gate toreceive the control signal RE.

When the control signal RE is at the low level, the pull-up switch 26 isturned on to pull up the bus line B to the power voltage. However, whenthe control signal RE is at the high level, the pull-up switch 26 isturned off.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for selectively pulling down bus lines using a FeRAMregister 1.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 13 comprises aplurality of FeRAM registers 1 and a plurality of pull-down switches 27.Each FeRAM register 1 outputs the control signal RE for controlling eachpull-down switch 27. The plurality of pull-down switches 27 areconnected between the plurality of bus lines B0˜Bn and the groundvoltage. Each pull-down switch 27 comprises an NMOS transistor N13having a gate to receive the control signal RE.

When the control signal RE is at the high level, the pull-down switch 27is turned on to pull down the bus line B to the ground voltage. However,when the control signal RE is at the low level, the pull-down switch 27is turned off.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for controlling logic levels of a look-up table using aFeRAM register 1.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs the control signal RE for controlling logiclevels of the look-up table 28. The loop-up table 28 performs anoperation on the logic input signal x in response to the control signalRE, thereby controlling the output signal Y.

FIG. 15 a is a circuit diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for controlling the 2-register input look-up table 28 ofFIG. 14.

The look-up table 28 comprises a FeRAM register arrays 29 comprising twoFeRAM registers 1 for storing data, an inverter IV4, NMOS transistorsN15 and N16 and a transmission switch 30.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs the logic control signal RE for controllingthe transmission switch 30. The transmission switch 30 comprises an NMOStransistor 14. The NMOS transistor N14, connected between an outputterminal of the logic output signal Y and a common drain of the NMOStransistors N15 and N16, has a gate to receive the logic control signalRE.

The inverter IV4 inverts the logic input signal X. The NMOS transistorN15 outputs a logic control signal RE1 into the transmission switch 30in response to the logic input signal X. The NMOS transistor N16 outputsa logic control signal RE2 into the transmission switch 30 in responseto the output signal from the inverter IV4.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit controls the value of thelogic output signal Y through different operation processes depending onkinds of data stored in the FeRAM register array 29.

For example, when the logic control signal RE is at the high level, theNMOS transistor N14 is turned on to determine the value of the logicoutput signal Y in response to the logic control signals RE1 and RE2.

When the logic control signals RE1 and RE2 are all at a low level, thevoltage level of the logic output signal Y becomes at a low level.However, when the logic control signals RE1 and RE2 are all at a highlevel, the voltage level of the logic output signal Y becomes at a highlevel.

When the first logic control signal RE1 is at the high level and thesecond logic control signal RE2 is at the low level, the logic inputsignal X becomes the logic output signal Y. However, when the firstlogic control signal RE1 is at the low level and the second logiccontrol signal RE2 is at the high level, the logic input signal X isinverted.

If the logic control signal RE is at the low level, the NMOS transistorN14 is turned off. As a result, the voltage level of the output signal Yis floated regardless of the logic control signals RE1 and RE2.

FIG. 15 b is a circuit diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for controlling the 4-register input look-up table 28 ofFIG. 14.

The look-up table 28 performs an operation on logic input signals XO andX1 in response to logic control signals RE1-RE4 to control the logicoutput signal Y.

The look-up table 28 comprises a FeRAM register array 29, inverters IV5and IV6, NMOS transistors N18-N23, a FeRAM register 1 and a transmissionswitch 31. The FeRAM register array 29 comprising four FeRAM registers 1outputs logic control signals RE1-RE4 for controlling logic of thelook-up table 28.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs the logic control signal RE for controllingthe transmission switch 31. The transmission switch 31 comprises an NMOStransistor N17. The NMOS transistor N17, connected between an outputterminal of the logic output signal Y and a common drain of the NMOStransistor N18 and N19, has a gate to receive the logic control signalRE.

The inverter IV5 inverts the first logic input signal X0. The NMOStransistor N18 outputs the first logic control signal RE1 and the secondlogic control signal RE2 into the transmission switch 31 in response tothe first logic input signal X0. The NMOS transistor N19 outputs thethird logic control signal RE3 and the fourth logic control signal RE4in response to the output signal from the inverter IV5.

The inverter IV6 inverts the second logic input signal X1. The NMOStransistor N20 outputs the first logic control signal RE1 in response tothe second logic input signal X1. The NMOS transistor N21 outputs thesecond logic control signal RE2 in response to the output signal fromthe inverter IV6. The NMOS transistor N22 outputs the third logiccontrol signal RE3 in response to the second logic input signal X1. TheNMOS transistor N23 outputs the fourth logic control signal RE4 inresponse to the output signal from the inverter IV6.

The logic control operation according to an embodiment of the presentinvention is represented as follows:

TABLE 1 Logic Logic Logic Logic Operation of control control controlcontrol input signals signal RE_1 signal RE_2 signal RE_3 signal RE_4 X0and X1 L L L H NOR L H H L XOR L H H H NAND H L L L AND H H H L OR

When the logic control signal RE is at the high level, the NMOStransistor N17 is turned on to determine the value of the logic outputsignal Y in response to the logic control signals RE1˜RE4.

When the fourth logic control signal RE4 is at the high level and therest logic control signals RE1˜RE3 are at the low level, the logicoutput signal Y is an NOR operation result of the logic input signals X0and X1. When the first logic control signal RE1 and the fourth logiccontrol signal RE4 are at the low level and the second logic controlsignal RE2 and the third logic control signal RE3 are at the high level,the logic output signal Y is an exclusive logic operation result of thelogic input signals X0 and X1.

When the first logic control signal RE1 is at the low level, the restlogic control signals RE2˜RE4 are at the high level, the logic outputsignal Y is an NAND operation result of the logic input signal X0 andX1. When the first logic control signal RE1 is at the high level and therest logic control signals RE2˜RE4 are at the low level, the logicoutput signal Y is an AND operation result of the logic input signals X0and X1. When the fourth logic control signal RE4 is at the low level andthe rest logic control signals RE1˜RE3 are at the high level, the logicoutput signal Y is an OR operation result of the logic input signals X0and X1.

When the logic control signal RE is at the low level, the NMOStransistor N17 is turned off to float the voltage level of the logicoutput signal regardless of the logic control signals RE1˜RE4.

FIG. 15 c is a circuit diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for controlling the 8-register input look-up table 28 ofFIG. 14.

The look-up table 28 performs an operation on logic input signals X0, X1and X2 in response to logic control signals RE1˜RE8 to control the logicoutput signal.

The look-up table 29 comprises a FeRAM register array 29, invertersIV7˜IV9, NMOS transistors N25˜N38, a FeRAM register 1 and a transmissionswitch 32. The FeRAM register array 29 comprising eight FeRAM registers1 outputs logic control signals RE1˜RE8 to control logic of the look-uptable 28.

The FeRAM register 1 outputs a logic control signal REO for controllingthe transmission switch 32. The transmission switch 32 comprises an NMOStransistor N24. The NMOS transistor N24, connected between an outputterminal of the logic output signal Y and a common drain of the NMOStransistors N25 and N26, has a gate to receive the logic control signalRE0.

The inverter IV7 inverts the first logic input signal X0. The NMOStransistor N25 outputs one of the logic control signals RE1˜RE4 into thetransmission switch 32 in response to the first logic input signal X0.The NMOS transistor N26 outputs one of the logic control signals RE5˜RE8into the transmission switch 32 in response to the output signal fromthe inverter IV7.

The inverter IV8 inverts the second logic input signal X1. The NMOStransistor N27 outputs the first logic control signal RE1 or the secondlogic control signal RE2 into the NMOS transistor N25 in response to thesecond logic input signal X1. The NMOS transistor N28 outputs the thirdlogic control signal RE3 or the fourth logic control signal RE4 into theNMOS transistor N25 in response to the output signal from the inverterIV8.

The NMOS transistor N29 outputs the fifth logic control signal RE5 orthe sixth logic control signal RE6 into the NMOS transistor N26 inresponse to the second logic input signal. The NMOS transistor N30outputs the seventh logic control signal RE7 or the eighth logic controlsignal into the NMOS transistor N26 into the NMOS transistor N26.

The inverter IV9 inverts the third logic input signal x2.

The NMOS transistor N31 outputs the first logic control signal RE1 intothe NMOS transistor N27 in response to the third logic input signal x2.The NMOS transistor N32 outputs the second logic control signal RE2 intothe NMOS transistor N27 in response to the output signal from theinverter IV9. The NMOS transistor N33 outputs the third logic controlsignal RE3 into the NMOS transistor N28 in response to the third logicinput signal x2. The NMOS transistor N34 outputs the fourth logiccontrol signal RE4 into the NMOS transistor N28 in response to theoutput signal from the inverter IV9.

The NMOS transistor N35 outputs the fifth logic control signal RE5 intothe NMOS transistor N29 in response to the third input signal x2. TheNMOS transistor N36 outputs the sixth logic control signal RE6 into theNMOS transistor N29 in response to the output signal from the inverterIV9. The NMOS transistor N37 outputs the seventh logic control signalRE7 into the NMOS transistor N30 in response to the third logic inputsignal x2. The NMOS transistor N38 outputs the eighth logic controlsignal RE8 into the NMOS transistor N30 in response to the output signalfrom the inverter IV9.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 15 performs a logicoperation on the logic input signals x0, x1 and x2 in response to thelogic control signals RE1 RE8 to determine the value of the logic outputsignal Y.

If the logic control signal RE is at the low level, the NMOS transistorN24 is turned off to float the voltage level of the logic output signalY regardless of the logic control signals RE1˜RE8.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for controlling logic levels of a D-latch using a FeRAMregister 1.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 16 comprises a latchcontroller 33- and a latch unit 34.

The latch controller 33 comprises a FeRAM register 1, an NAND gate ND2and an inverter IV10. The NAND gate ND2 performs an NAND operation onthe clock signal CLK and an output signal from the FeRAM register 1. Theinverter IV10 inverts an output signal from the NAND gate ND2.

The latch unit 34 comprises inverters IV11 and IV12, transmission gatesT1 and T2, an NAND operation ND3 and a FeRAM register 1. The inverterIV11 inverts an input signal inputted through an input terminal d. Thefirst transmission gate T1 selectively transmits an output signal fromthe inverter IV11 in response to an output signal applied from the latchcontroller 33. The inverter IV12 inverts an output signal from the firsttransmission gate T1 and outputs the inverted signal into an outputterminal q.

The NAND gate ND3 performs an NAND operation on an output signal fromthe FeRAM register 1 to control a reset operation and an output signalfrom the inverter IV12. The second transmission gate T2 selectivelytransmits an output signal from the NAND gate ND3 in response to anoutput signal from the latch controller 33.

In the embodiment of FIG. 16, the clock signal CLK is selectivelyoutputted in response to an output signal from the FeRAM register 1 ofthe latch controller 33. When the output signal from the FeRAM register1 is at a high level, the clock signal CLK is outputted into the latchunit 34. However, when the output signal from the FeRAM register 1 is ata low level, the clock signal CLK is not outputted into the latch unit34.

The FeRAM register 1 of the latch unit 34 controls a reset operation ofthe latch unit 34. When the output signal from the FeRAM register 1 isat the high level, a normal latch operation is performed. When theoutput signal from the FeRAM register 1 is at the low level, an outputsignal from the latch unit 34 is reset.

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of another example of the nonvolatileprogrammable logic circuit of FIG. 16.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 17 comprises a latchcontroller 33 and a latch unit 35.

The latch controller 33 comprises a FeRAM register 1, an NAND gate ND4and an inverter IV13. The NAND gate ND4 performs an NAND operation onthe clock signal CLK and an output signal from the FeRAM register 1. Theinverter IV13 inverts an output signal from the NAND gate ND4.

The latch unit 35 comprises inverters IV14 and IV15, transmission gatesT3 and T4 and a FeRAM register 1. The third transmission gate T3selectively transmits an output signal from the inverter IV14 inresponse to an output signal applied from the latch controller 33. Theinverter IV15 inverts a signal transmitted from the third transmissiongate T3, and outputs the inverted signal into an output terminal q.

The signal transmitted from the third transmission gate T3 is inputtedinto an inversion input terminal /D of the FeRAM register 1. An outputsignal from the inverter IV15 is inputted into a non-inversion inputterminal D of the FeRAM register 1. The fourth transmission gate T4selectively transmits the logic control signal REB in response to theoutput signal from the latch controller 33.

In the embodiment of FIG. 17, the clock signal CLK is selectivelyoutputted in response to the output signal from the FeRAM register 1 ofthe latch controller 33. When the output signal from the FeRAM register1 is at a high level, the clock signal CLK is outputted into the latchunit 35. However, when the output signal from the FeRAM register 1 is ata low level, the clock signal CLK is not outputted into the latch unit35.

The FeRAM register 1 of the latch unit 35 stores data inputted in thelatch unit 35. As a result, the data stored in the FeRAM register 1 canbe restored when power is re-supplied after a power off mode.

FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of still another example of the nonvolatileprogrammable logic circuit of FIG. 16.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 18 comprises a latchcontroller 33, a operation unit 36 and a latch unit 37.

The latch controller 33 comprises a FeRAM register 1, an NAND gate ND5and an inverter IV16. The NAND gate ND5 performs an NAND operation onthe clock signal CLK and an output signal from the FeRAM register 1. Theinverter IV16 inverts an output signal from the NAND gate ND5.

The operation unit 36 comprises an AND gate ANDS for performing an ANDoperation on logic input signals x0 and x1.

The latch unit 37 comprises transmission gates T5 and T6, an inverterIV17 and a FeRAM register 1. The fifth transmission gate T5 selectivelytransmits an output signal from the AND gate AND5 in response to anoutput signal applied from the latch controller 33. The inverter IV17inverts an output signal from the fifth transmission gate T5, andoutputs the inverted signal into an output terminal q.

The signal transmitted from the fifth transmission gate T5 is inputtedinto an inversion input terminal /D of the FeRAM register 1. An outputsignal from the inverter IV17 is inputted into a non-inversion inputterminal D of the FeRAM register 1. The sixth transmission gate T6selectively transmits the logic control signal REB in response to anoutput signal from the latch controller 33.

In the embodiment of FIG. 18, the clock signal CLK is selectivelyoutputted in response to the output signal from the FeRAM register 1 ofthe latch controller 33. When the output signal from the FeRAM register1 is at a high level, the clock signal CLK is outputted into the latchunit 37. However, when the output signal from the FeRAM register 1 is ata low level, the clock signal CLK is not outputted into the latch unit37.

The FeRAM register 1 of the latch unit 37 stores data inputted in thelatch unit 37. As a result, the data stored in the FeRAM register 1 canbe restored when power is re-supplied after a power off mode.

FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram illustrating the nonvolatile programmablelogic circuit for controlling logic levels of a flip-flop using a FeRAMregister 1.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 19 comprises a logiccontroller 38 and a flip-flop unit 39.

The logic controller 38 comprises a FeRAM register 1, an NAND gate ND6and an inverter IV18. The NAND gate ND6 performs an NAND operation onthe clock signal CLK and an output signal from the FeRAM register 1. Theinverter IV18 inverts an output signal from the NAND gate ND5.

The flip-flop unit 39 comprises inverters IV19˜IV22, transmission gatesT7˜T10 and two FeRAM registers 1. The seventh transmission gate T7selectively transmits an output signal from the inverter IV19 inresponse to an output signal applied from the logic controller 38.

The signal transmitted from the seventh transmission gate T7 is inputtedinto an inversion input terminal /D of the first FeRAM register 1. Anoutput signal from the inverter IV20 is inputted into a non-inversioninput terminal D of the first FeRAM register 1. The eighth transmissiongate T8 selectively transmits the logic control signal REB in responseto an output signal from the logic controller 38.

The ninth transmission gate T9 selectively transmits an output signalfrom the inverter IV20 in response to an output signal applied from thelogic controller 38. The signal transmitted from the ninth transmissiongate T9 is inputted into an inversion input terminal /D of the secondFeRAM register 1. An output signal from the inverter IV21 is inputtedinto a non-inversion input terminal /D of the second FeRAM register 1.The tenth transmission gate T10 selectively transmits the logic controlsignal REB in response to an output signal from the logic controller 38.The inverter IV22 inverts an output signal from the inverter IV21, andoutputs the inverted signal into an output terminal q.

In the embodiment of FIG. 19, the clock signal CLK is inputted inresponse to the output signal from the FeRAM register 1. When the outputsignal from the FeRAM register 1 is at a high level, the clock signalCLK is outputted into the flip-flop unit 39. However, when the outputsignal from the FeRAM register 1 is at a low level, the clock signal CLKis not inputted into the flip-flop unit 39.

The two FeRAM registers 1 of the flip-flop unit 39 store data inputtedin the flip-flop unit 39. As a result, the data stored in the FeRAMregister 1 can be restored when power is re-supplied after a power-offmode.

FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram illustrating another example of FIG. 19.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 20 comprises a logiccontroller 38, an operation unit 40 and a flip-flop unit 41.

The logic controller 38 comprises a FeRAM register 1, an NAND gate ND7and an inverter IV23. The NAND gate ND7 performs an NAND operation onthe clock signal CLK and an output signal from the FeRAM register 1. Theinverter IV23 inverts an output signal from the NAND gate ND7.

The operation unit 40 comprises an AND gate AND6 for performing an ANDoperation on logic input signals x0 and x1.

The flip-flop unit 41 comprises inverters IV24˜IV26, transmission gateT11˜T14 and two FeRAM register 1. The 11th transmission gate T11selectively transmits an output signal from the AND gate AND6 inresponse to an output signal applied from the logic controller 38. Thesignal transmitted from the 11th transmission gate T11 is inputted intoan inversion input terminal /D of the FeRAM register 1. An output signalfrom the inverter IV24 is inputted into a non-inversion input terminal Dof the FeRAM register 1. The 12th transmission gate T12 selectivelytransmits the logic control signal REB in response to an output signalfrom the logic controller 38.

The 13th transmission gate T13 selectively transmits an output signalfrom the inverter IV24 in response to the output signal applied from thelogic controller 38. The signal transmitted from the 13th transmissiongate T13 is inputted into an inversion input terminal /D of the firstFeRAM register 1. An output signal from the inverter IV25 is inputtedinto a non-inversion input terminal D of the second FeRAM register 1.The 14th transmission gate T14 selectively transmits the logic controlsignal REB in response to the output signal from the logic controller38. The inverter IV26 inverts the output signal from the inverter IV25,and outputs the inverted signal into an output terminal q.

In the embodiment of FIG. 20, an output signal from the operation unit40 is inputted into the flip-flop unit 41. In the embodiment of FIG. 20,the clock signal CLK is inputted in response to the output signal fromthe FeRAM register 1. When the output signal from the FeRAM register 1is at a high level, the clock signal CLK is outputted into the flip-flopunit 41. However, when the output signal from the FeRAM register is at alow level, the clock signal CLK is not inputted into the flip-flop unit41. The two FeRAM registers of the flip-flip unit 41 store data inputtedin the flip-flop unit 41. As a result, the data stored in the FeRAMregister 1 can be restored when power is re-supplied after a power-offmode.

FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram illustrating still another example of FIG.19.

The nonvolatile programmable logic circuit of FIG. 21 comprises a logiccontroller 38 and a flip-flop unit 42.

The logic controller 38 comprises a FeRAM register 1, an NAND gate ND8and an inverter IV27. The NAND gate ND8 performs an NAND operation onthe clock signal CLK and an output signal from the FeRAM register 1. Theinverter IV27 inverts an output signal from the NAND gate ND8.

The flip-flop unit 42 comprises inverters IV28˜IV31, transmission gatesT15˜T18, an NAND gates ND9 and ND10 and a FeRAM register 1. The 15thtransmission gate T15 selectively transmits an output signal from theinverter IV28 in response to an output signal applied from the logiccontroller 38. The NAND gate ND9 performs an NAND operation on outputsignals from the inverter IV29 and the FeRAM register 1. The 16thtransmission gate T16 selectively transmits an output signal from theNAND gate ND9 in response to the output signal from the logic controller38.

The 17th transmission gate T17 selectively transmits the output signalfrom the inverter IV29 in response to the output signal applied from thelogic controller 38. The NAND gate ND10 performs an NAND operation onthe signal transmitted from the 17th transmission gate T17 and theoutput signal from the FeRAM register 1. The 18th transmission gate T18selectively transmits an output signal from the inverter IV30 inresponse to the output signal from the logic controller 38.

In the embodiment of FIG. 21, the FeRAM register 1 of the flip-flop unit42 controls a reset operation of the flip-flop unit 42. If the outputsignal from the FeRAM register 1 is at a high level, a normal flip-flopoperation is possible. If the output signal from the FeRAM register 1 isat a low level, the flip-flop unit 42 is reset.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a logic circuit for programminga FeRAM register 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In an embodiment, the program logic circuit comprises a program commandprocessor 43, a program register controller 44, a reset circuit unit 45and a program register array 46.

The program command processor 43 codes program commands in response to awrite enable signal WEB, the chip enable signal CEB, an output enablesignal OEB and a reset signal RESET, and outputs a command signal CMD.The program register controller 44 logically combines the command signalCMD, a power-up detecting signal PUP and input data DQn, and outputs awrite control signal ENW and a cell plate signal CPL.

In a power-up mode, the reset circuit unit 45 outputs the reset signalRESET into the program register controller 44.

The program register array 46 programs externally inputted data Dm and/Dm in response to a pull-up enable signal ENP, a pull-down enablesignal ENN, a write control signal ENW and a cell plate signal CPL, andoutputs register control signals REm and REBm.

If the command signal CMD is generated from the program commandprocessor 43, the program register controller 44 changes or setsconfiguration data of a program in the program register array 46.

The reset circuit unit 45 generates the reset signal RESET in thepower-up mode, thereby activating the program register controller 44.Control signals outputted from the program register controller 44 are toinitialize nonvolatile data of the program register array 46.

FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram illustrating the program command processor43 of FIG. 22.

The program command processor 43 comprises a command controller 47 and amultiple command generator 48.

The command controller 47 comprises a logic unit 49, a flip-flop unit 50and an over-toggle detector 51.

The logic unit 49 comprises an NOR gate NOR2, an AND gates AND7 and AND8and an inverter IV32. The NOR gate NOR2 performs an NOR operation on thewrite enable signal WEB and the chip enable signal CEB. The AND gateAND7 performs an AND operation on an output signal from the NOR gateNOR2 and the output enable signal OEB. The inverter IV32 inverts thereset signal RESET. The AND gate AND8 performs an AND operation on theoutput signal from the NOR gate NOR2, an output signal from the inverterIV32 and an output signal from the over-toggle detector 51.

The flip-flop unit 50 comprises n flip-flops FF connected serially. Thefirst flip-flop FF(1) has an input terminal d to receive the outputsignal from the NOR gate NOR2. Also, each flip-flop FF has an inputterminal cp to receive an activation synchronizing signal outputted fromthe AND gate AND7, and a reset terminal R to receive a reset signaloutputted from the AND gate AND8.

Here, the input terminal cp of the flip-flop FF receives the outputenable signal OEB when the chip enable signal CEB and the write enablesignal WEB are at a low level. The reset terminal R of the flip-flop FFreceives a low level signal if one of the chip enable signal CEB and thewrite enable signal WEB becomes at a high level. In the power-up mode,the flip-flop FF is reset while the reset signal RESET is at a highlevel.

The over-toggle detector 51 comprises an NAND gate ND11 for performingan NAND operation on the output signal from the node A and the outputenable signal OEB. The over-toggle detector 51 resets the flip-flop unit50 when the output enable signal OEB toggles over n times to causeover-toggle. Therefore, the number of toggle in the program commandprocessor 43 is set to be different.

The multiple command generator 48 comprises a logic unit 52 and aflip-flop unit 53.

The logic unit 52 comprises an NOR gate NOR3, AND gates AND9 and AND10and an inverter IV33. The NOR gate NOR3 performs an NOR operation on thewrite enable signal WEB and the chip enable signal CEB. The AND gateAND9 performs an AND operation on an output signal from the NOR gateNOR3 and the output enable signal OEB. The inverter IV33 inverts thereset signal RESET. The AND gate AND10 performs an AND operation on theoutput signal from the AND gate AND3 and the output signal from theinverter IV33.

The flip-flop unit 53 comprises m flip-flops FF connected serially. Thefirst flip-flop FF(n+1) has an input terminal d to receive an outputsignal from the flip-flop FF(n−1) of the command controller 47. Throughinput terminals d and output terminals q serially connected each other,a high pulse outputted from the flip-flop FF(n+1) sequentially movesinto the next flip-flop. As a result, the flip-flops FF sequentiallyoutput a plurality of command signal such as a 1^(st)_CMD, a 2^(nd)_CMD,. . . , a mth_CMD.

Each flip-flop has an input terminal cp to receive an activationsynchronization signal outputted from the AND gate AND9, and a resetterminal R to receive a reset signal outputted from the AND gate AND10.

When the chip enable signal CEB and the write enable signal WEB are at alow level, the output enable signal OEB is inputted into the inputterminal cp of each flip-flop FF. When one of the chip enable signal CEBor write enable signal WEB becomes at a high level, a low level signalis inputted into the reset terminal R of each flip-flop FF, and theflip-flop is reset. While the reset signal RESET is at a high level, theflip-flop FF is reset in the power-up mode.

FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram illustrating the flip-flop of FIG. 23.

The flip-flop FF comprises transmission gates T19˜T22, NAND gates ND12and ND13, and inverters IV34˜IV39. Here, the inverter IV34 inverts anoutput signal from the input terminal cp, and the inverter IV35 invertsan output signal from the inverter IV34.

The inverter IV36 inverts the data inputted through the input terminald.

The 19th transmission gate T19 selectively outputs an output signal fromthe inverter IV36 depending on output signals E and F from the invertersIV34 and IV35. The inverter IV39 inverts an output signal from the 19thtransmission gate T19. The NAND gate ND12 performs an NAND operation onoutput signal from the inverter IV37 and the reset terminal R. The 20thtransmission gate T20 selectively outputs an output signal from the NANDgate ND12 depending on the output signals E and F from the invertersIV34 and IV35.

The 21st transmission gate T21 selectively outputs an output signal fromthe inverter IV37 depending on the output signals E and F from theinverters IV34 and IV35. The NAND gate ND13 performs an NAND operationon output signals from the 21st transmission gate T21 and the resetterminal R.

The inverter IV38 inverts an output signal from the NAND gate ND13.

The 22nd transmission gate T22 selectively outputs an output signal fromthe inverter IV38 depending on the output signals E and F from theinverters IV34 and IV35. The inverter IV39 inverts an output signal fromthe NAND gate ND13, and outputs the inverted signal into the outputterminal q.

Data inputted from the input terminal d are transmitted by thetransmission gates T19 and T21 whenever a control signal inputtedthrough the input terminal cp toggles once. When a low level signal isinputted into the reset terminal R, a low level signal is outputted intothe output terminal q to reset the flip-flop FF.

FIG. 25 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the programcommand processor 43 of FIG. 22.

In a command processing interval, the chip enable signal CEB and thewrite enable signal WEB are maintained at a low level. While the outputenable signal OEB toggles n times, the command signal CMD is maintainedat a low level.

Thereafter, if an programmable activation interval starts and the outputenable signal OEB toggles n times, the command signal 1^(st)_CMDoutputted from the flip-flop FF(n+1) is enabled to a high level.

If the over-toggle detector 51 detects over-toggle after the n^(th)toggle, the output signal of the node A becomes at a low level. Here,since an output signal of the flip-flop FF(n−1) is inputted into theflip-flop FF(n+1), the multiple command generator 48 is not affected bythe over-toggle detector 51.

Next, if the (n+1)^(th) toggle occurs, the command signal 1^(st)_CMDbecomes at a low level, and the command signal 2^(nd)_CMD outputted fromthe flip-flop FF(n+2) is enabled to a high level. When the number oftoggles of the output signal OEB is regulated, the number of flip-flopsFF connected serially is regulated.

FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram illustrating the program registercontroller 44 of FIG. 22.

The program register controller 44 comprises a delay unit 54, an ANDgate AND11, inverters IV43˜IV47, and NOR gates NOR4 and NOR5. The ANDgate AND11 performs an AND operation on the command signal i^(th)_CMDand input data DQi. The delay unit 54 which comprises the invertersIV40˜IV42 connected in series delays an output signal from the AND gateAND11.

The NOR gate NOR4 performs an NOR operation on output signals from theAND gate AND11 and the delay unit 54. The inverter IV43 and IV44 delayan output signal from the NOR gate NOR4 to output the write controlsignal ENW.

The NOR gate NOR5 performs an NOR operation on an output signal from theNOR gate NOR4 and the power-up detecting signal PUP. The invertersIV45˜IV47 invert and delay an output signal from the NOR gate NOR5 tooutput the cell plate signal CPL.

Here, the power-up detecting signal PUP is to reset the register afterdata stored in the register are read in the initial reset mode.

If the input data DQi inputted through an input pad are toggled afterthe command signal 1^(st)_CMD is activated to a high level, the writecontrol signal ENW and the cell plate signal CPL having a pulse widthfor a delay time of the delay unit 54.

FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram illustrating the program register array 46of FIG. 22.

The program register array 46 comprises m FeRAM registers 1.

The FeRAM register 1 comprises a pull-up switch P13, a pull-up driver55, a write enable controller 56, a ferroelectric capacitor unit 57, apull-down driver 58 and a pull-down switch N43.

The pull-up switch P13, connected between the power voltage terminal VCCand the pull-up driver 55, has a gate to receive the pull-up enablesignal ENP. The pull-up driver 55, connected between the pull-up switchP13 and the write enable controller 56, comprises PMOS transistors P14and P15 connected with a latch structure between nodes CN1 and CN2.

The write enable controller 56 comprises NMOS transistors N39 and N40.The NMOS transistors N39, connected between a data input terminal /Diand the node CN1, has a gate to receive the write control signal ENW,and the NMOS transistor N40, connected between a data input terminal Diand the node CN2, has a gate to receive the write control signal ENW.

The ferroelectric capacitor unit 57 comprises nonvolatile ferroelectriccapacitors FC1˜FC4. The nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor FC1 has oneterminal connected to the node CN1 and the other terminal to receive thecell plate signal CPL. The nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor FC2 hasone terminal connected to the node CN2 and the other terminal to receivethe cell plate signal CPL. The nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor FC3is connected between the node CN1 and the ground voltage terminal, andthe nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor FC4 is connected between thenode CN2 and the ground voltage terminal. Here, the nonvolatileferroelectric capacitors FC3 and FC4 may be selectively added dependingon loading level of the nodes CN1 and CN2.

The pull-down driver 58, connected between the ferroelectric capacitorunit 57 and the pull-down switch N43, comprises NMOS transistors N41 andN42 connected with a latch structure between the nodes CN1 and CN2. Thepull-down switch N43, connected between the pull-down driver 58 and theground voltage VSS terminal, has a gate to receive the pull-down enablesignal ENN. The program register array 46 outputs control signals REBiand REi through an output terminal.

FIG. 28 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the FeRAMregister array 46 of FIG. 27 in a power-up mode.

In an interval T1 after the power-up mode, when power voltage VCCreaches a stabilized voltage level, the reset signal RESET becomes at alow level and the power-up detecting signal PUP is at a high level.

Then, the cell plate signal CPL transits to a high level as the power-updetecting signal PUP is at a high level. Here, charges stored in thenonvolatile ferroelectric capacitors FC1 and FC2 of the program registerarray 46 generate a voltage difference between the nodes CN1 and CN2 bycapacitance load of the nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitors FC3 andFC4.

In an interval T2, since the sufficient voltage difference between thenodes CN1 and CN2 is generated, the pull-down enable signal ENN isenabled to a high level, and the pull-up enable signal ENP is disabledto a low level. As a result, data of the nodes CN1 and CN2 areamplified.

Thereafter, in an interval T3, when data amplification of nodes CN1 andCN2 is completed, the power-up detecting signal PUP and the cell platesignal CPL transits to the low level again. As a result, the destroyedhigh data of the nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor FC1 or FC2 arerestored. Here, the write control signal ENW is maintained at the lowlevel to prevent external data from being re-written.

FIG. 29 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the FeRAMregister array 46 of FIG. 27.

When a predetermined time passes after the command signal 1st_CMD isactivated to a high level, new data Di and /Di are inputted. When theinput data DQi applied from the data input/output pad is disabled from ahigh to low level, the program cycle starts. As a result, the writecontrol signal ENW to write new data in the register and the cell platesignal CPL transit to a high level. Here, the pull-down enable signalENN is maintained at the high level, and the pull-up enable signal ENPis maintained at the low level.

If the command signal 1st_CMD having a high level is inputted into theprogram register controller 44, signal input from the program commandprocessor 43 is prevented. As a result, the program operation can beperformed while no more control command is inputted.

As described above, a nonvolatile programmable logic circuit using aferroelectric memory according to an embodiment of the present inventiondisconnects power supply during a stand-by mode of the system, therebyreduce power consumption. A nonvolatile register is used by programcommands to change the configuration of circuits and parameters, whichresults in small quantity batch production with a mask set. Also, anonvolatile ferroelectric memory is applied to a FPGA (FieldProgrammable Gate Array), thereby preventing leakage of internal dataand reducing the area of a chip. Additionally, since a nonvolatilememory function and an operation function are performed with anonvolatile ferroelectric memory, extra external memory devices areunnecessary.

1. A nonvolatile programmable logic circuit comprising: a look-up tablefor selectively outputting first logic control signals outputted from aplurality of first nonvolatile ferroelectric registers in response to alogic input signal; a second nonvolatile ferroelectric register foroutputting a second logic control signal depending on a programmed codein a nonvolatile ferroelectric capacitor; and a first transmission meansfor selectively transmitting an output signal from the look-up table inresponse to the second logic control signal, wherein each firstnonvolatile ferroelectric register comprises: a pull-up driving meansfor driving a power voltage, wherein the pull-up driving means isconnected between output terminals in a latch type configuration; awrite enable control means for transmitting input data in response to awrite enable signal; a storage means for generating the correspondingfirst logic control signal in response to a cell plate signal; apull-down driving means for driving a ground voltage, wherein thepull-down driving means is connected between the output terminals in alatch type configuration; a pull-up means for selectively transmittingthe power voltage to the pull-up driving means in response to a pull-upenable signal, wherein the power voltage is output from the pull-updriving means; and a pull-down means for selectively transmitting theground voltage to the pull-down driving means in response to a pull-downenable signal, wherein the ground voltage is output from the pull-downdriving means.
 2. A circuit according to claim 1, wherein the look-uptable comprises a plurality of second transmission means having ahierarchical structure for selectively transmitting correspondingsignals among the first logic control signals in response to the inputsignals.